Pregnancy is often described as a journey filled with anticipation, excitement, and a touch of uncertainty. Yet, for some mothers, this journey takes an unexpected turn when their little one arrives earlier than planned. A baby born before 37 weeks of gestation is considered preterm, and while the word “premature” can be alarming, awareness and timely action can make a world of difference.
As Dr Manjunath G, Consultant – Neonatologist & Paediatrician, Rainbow Children’s Hospital, explains, “Prematurity is not always predictable, but informed mothers and early medical intervention significantly improve outcomes for these fragile newborns.”
Why Do Babies Arrive Early?
There is no single cause for preterm birth—rather, it is a combination of medical conditions, biological factors, and lifestyle choices. Conditions such as high blood pressure, thyroid disorders, diabetes, and infections can increase the likelihood of early delivery. Expecting twins or multiples is another well-known contributor.
Lifestyle factors also play a significant role. Smoking, unbalanced diets, inadequate rest, and high stress levels can all disrupt the natural course of pregnancy. Understanding these risks allows mothers to take preventive steps and seek early medical support.
Recognising Early Labour: What Are the Warning Signs?
The body often signals when labour may begin prematurely. Persistent lower back pain, menstrual-like cramps, pelvic pressure, fluid leakage, or spotting should never be dismissed as routine discomfort.
According to Dr Manjunath, “If a mother identifies symptoms early and reaches the hospital in time, doctors can often delay labour or administer essential medications to accelerate lung maturity in the baby.” This timely response can dramatically improve the newborn’s chances of survival.
Why Do Preterm Babies Need Extra Care?
A full-term baby is like a ripe fruit—ready for life outside the womb. In contrast, preterm babies need more time for their organs, including the lungs, brain, gut and immune system, to mature. This is why many premature infants require care in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).
In the NICU, babies receive warmth, monitored breathing support, nutritional assistance and protection from infections. Despite the monitors and machines, the NICU is a secure environment designed to help premature infants stabilise and grow stronger.
The Mother’s Touch: Still the Most Powerful Medicine
Even in the NICU, a mother’s presence is irreplaceable. Kangaroo care—skin-to-skin contact—helps regulate the baby’s temperature, heartbeat and weight gain. Breast milk, especially colostrum, provides unmatched immunity and nourishment. When direct breastfeeding isn’t possible, expressed milk ensures babies still receive its benefits
Can Prematurity Be Prevented?
Not every preterm birth can be avoided, but consistent prenatal care lowers the risks significantly. Managing thyroid issues, diabetes and high blood pressure; eating a balanced diet; staying hydrated; and avoiding smoking or alcohol are essential habits. Women with a history of premature delivery should inform their doctor early, as they may require closer monitoring or specialised treatment.
As Dr Manjunath reiterates: “With the right guidance and timely intervention, mothers can give their babies the safest possible start—no matter when they arrive.”